Sigmund Freud was the guy who decided that the secrets of the human mind were hidden, but he was willing to dig until he found them. He was born in 1856 in Austria, where he began his career as a doctor, but soon fell in love with psychology and the idea that human beings are motivated by unconscious desires (basically, the perfect excuse for any strange behaviour).

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The founder of psychoanalysis, he brought to the world concepts such as the id, ego and superego, as well as theories about dreams and repression that, to this day, make us question what really goes on in our heads. Although he was seen as a revolutionary, many considered him an exaggerator (who hasn't heard of the theory of the Oedipus complex?). Freud died in 1939, but he's still the guy you quote when you want to sound profound or explain why you're afraid of something.